Food Chemical Risk Analysis, David R. Tennant, ed., New York: Chapman and Hall, 1997, pp. 267-295
Potency of chemicals: A number in parentheses indicates a LD50 value not used in HERT calculation because it is the less sensitive species. LD50 values shown are values taken from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) computer database. Daily human exposure: We have tried to use reasonable daily intakes to facilitate comparisons. The calculations assume a daily dose for a lifetime. Possible hazard: The amount of rodent carcinogen indicated under dose is divided by 70 kg to give a milligram per kilogram of human exposure, and this human dose is given as the percentage of the LD50 dose in the rodent (in milligrams per kilogram) to calculate the Human Exposure/Rodent Toxicity index (HERT).
| Possible hazard: | LD50 (mg/kg)a | Exposure | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HERT (%) | Daily human exposure via food | Human dose of chemical | Rats | Mice | References
|
| 13.5 | Cassava (as a dietary staple) | Hydrogen cyanide, 35 mg | 3.7 | Luckner, 1990 | |
| 4.3 | Coffee, 13.3 g | Caffeine, 381 mg | (192) | 127 | Stofberg, 1987,Macaulay, et al., 1984 |
| 0.3 | Potato, 54.9 g | alpha-Chaconine, 4.10 mg | (84P) | 19P | Bushway and Ponnampalam, 1981,Takagi, 1990,TAS, 1989 |
| 0.1 | Coffee, 13.3 g | Chlorogenic acid, 274 mg | 4000P | Stofberg, 1987,Baltes, 1977 | |
| 0.08 | Chocolate, US average | Theobromine, 48.8 mg | (1265) | 837 | IARC, 1991 |
| 0.06 | Pepper, 446 mg | Piperine, 21.0 mg | 514 | (1637) | Stofberg, 1987 |
| 0.05 | Coffee, 13.3 g | Trigonelline, 176 mg | 5000 | Stofberg, 1987,Clinton, 1986 | |
| 0.04 | Potato chips, 5.2 g | alpha-Chaconine, 491 µg | (84P) | 19P | Stofberg, 1987,Ahmed and Müller 1978 |
| 0.01 | Beer, 257 g | Isoamyl alcohol, 13.6 mg | 1300 | Stofberg, 1987,Arkima, 1968 | |
| 0.01 | Coffee, 13.3 g | 2-Furancarboxylic acid, 821 µg | 100P | Stofberg, 1987,Tressl, et al., 1978 | |
| 0.01 | Sweet potato, 7.67 g | Ipomeamarone, 336 µg | 50 | Coxon, Curtis and Howard, 1975 | |
| 0.009 | Potato 54.9 g | alpha-Solanine, 3.68 mg | 590 | Bushway and Ponnampalam, 1981,Takagi, 1990, TAS, 1989 | |
| 0.005 | Coffee, 13.3 g | 3-Methyl-1,2-benzenediol, 203 µg | 56V | Stofberg, 1987,Heinrich and Baltes, 1987 | |
| 0.005 | Coffee, 13.3 g | Oxalic acid, 25.2 mg | 7500 | Stofberg, 1987,Kasidas and Rose, 1980 | |
| 0.004 | Beer, 257 g | Phenethyl alcohol, 5.46 mg | 1790 | Stofberg, 1987,Arkima, 1968 | |
| 0.004 | Beer, 257 g | Isobutyl alcohol, 6.40 mg | 2460 | Stofberg, 1987,Arkima, 1968 | |
| 0.003 | Coffee, 13.3 g | Pyrogallol, 555 µg | 300 | Stofberg, 1987,Tressl, et al., 1978 | |
| 0.003 | Lettuce, 14.9 g | Methylamine, 567 µg | 317 | TAS, 1989,Neurath et al., 1977 | |
| 0.003 | Beer, 257 g | Propyl alcohol, 3.29 mg | 1870 | (6800) | Stofberg, 1987,Arkima, 1968 |
| 0.002 | Banana, 15.7 g | trans-2-Hexenal, 1.19 mg | (780) | 685 | TAS, 1989,Hultin and Proctor, 1961 |
| 0.002 | Tomato, 88.7 g | p-Coumaric acid, 1.02 mg | 657P | TAS, 1989,Schmidtlein and Herrmann, 1975 | |
| 0.002 | Apple, 32 g | Epicatechin, 1.28 mg | 1000P | Risch and Herrmann, 1988,USEPA, 1989b | |
| 0.002 | Beer, 257 | Ethyl acetate, 4.42 mg | (5620) | 4100 | Stofberg, 1987,Rosculet and Rickard, 1968 |
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Last updated: November 24, 1998